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Vlad Nazdrachev

Vlad Nazdrachev, 21

From:

Gorlovka, Donetsk Region, Ukraine

Lives in:

Gornozavodsk, Sakhalin Region, Russia

Interests:

cars, racing, technology, fishing, snowboarding

Status:

I have dreamed of being a racecar driver since I was little. In reality, I had to help my parents with money. I was 16, and had just finished my first year of technical school, when the war started and my parents decided to flee to Sakhalin. My mom is from here. But if you don’t have a Russian passport, too bad for you. And I didn’t have one.

Vlad Nazdrachev

Vlad Nazdrachev

My friend and I were standing at the bus stop and a tank came zooming by, and then armored cars and Ural trucks. What the hell?

Vlad Nazdrachev

Vlad Nazdrachev

Parents didn’t want to let me out of the house, but I snuck out. Went with the guys to the playground. We were sitting and playing cards and then there were explosions. We were being bombed with Grad missiles. The first thing I felt was the blast wave hitting me in the chest. A boom just before the sound started. All the birds flew off. Then there was a second blast right away. And a third. I ran home on autopilot. I sat in the cellar and stared at the wall. I had never heard anything louder than fireworks before. Mom found my first five gray hairs.

Vlad Nazdrachev

Vlad Nazdrachev

My parents have decided to leave. Dad was born in Donbass, but mother is from Sakhalin, so we are going to stay with relatives there. I have seen missiles flying and watched my city be decimated. I want to get away from this war as fast as we can.

Vlad with friends in Gorlovka, 2014

Commentary

How People from Donbass Found Refuge in Russia

How People from Donbass Found Refuge in Russia

According to the Russian Federal Migration Service, 8.5 billion rubles were allocated for the provision of temporary accommodation centers in 2014-2015, out of a total of 13.5 billion rubles for the urgent social needs of Ukrainian citizens who fled to Russia. In total, more than 700 temporary accommodation centers were opened in 69 regions of the Russian Federation. In 2014, there were 51,345 people in them. A maximum of 800 rubles was allocated for food and accommodation for one person in a center. In 2015, the centers began to be closed, and people were sent to dormitories and boarding houses in various regions of Russia, under a Russian government order dated July 22, 2014. The document affected 180,00 people in 2014 and 2015.

According to the Interior Ministry, the flow of Ukrainian citizens who seeking refuge in Russia stopped in 2016 as the majority of them obtained Russian citizenship, settled with relatives or returned to Ukraine. Therefore, the government closed the temporary shelters on January 1, 2017.

According to the Russian Interior Ministry, between March 2014 and November 2018, 1,089,618 Ukrainian citizens entered Russia from the eastern part of the country. Of these, 337,679 people were granted Russian citizenship, and 416,917 were granted temporary asylum. According to official statistics, as of January 1, 2019, 140 citizens of Ukraine were granted refugee status, 75,000 people had temporary asylum (compared to 91,000 in 2018). In total, according to the ministry, there are 1.97 million Ukrainian citizens in Russia.

According to the Interior Ministry, in November 2018, the regions hosting the largest number of Ukrainian citizens (more than 500) who have been granted asylum in Russia are Krasnodar, Krasnoyarsk, Stavropol and Primorsky Krai, Arkhangelsk, Bryansk, Vladimir, Voronezh, Kaluga, Leningrad, Lipetsk, Moscow, Murmansk, Nizhny Novgorod, Novosibirsk, Rostov, Smolensk, Samara, Saratov, Tula, Tyumen, Khanty-Mansiysk and Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Districts, and the City of Moscow and St. Petersburg.

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Vlad Nazdrachev

Vlad Nazdrachev

We sold everything we could. Dad paid the way out with his chainsaw, but he kept the arc welder that was so valuable to him.

We have been at a refugee camp in Rostov Region for two days now. It’s hell. It’s located in the middle of an empty field and the nearest store is several kilometers away. People fight over hot water and humanitarian aid. It’s over 40 degrees C. We buy instant noodles, pour cold water on them and leave them in the sun.

Vlad Nazdrachev

Vlad Nazdrachev

We got on a train for Vladivostok. Five days in a train, and 18 hours by ship after that.

I have only a vague idea of what Sakhalin is like. I know it’s an island in the sea, the air is clear, and the cars have the steering wheel on the right.

Vlad Nazdrachev

Vlad Nazdrachev

When we got to Sakhalin and saw my aunt on the dock, we all let out a sigh of relief. We headed off to Gornozavodsk. I looked out the window and wondered where I had ended up. Even nature was unfamiliar here: giant burdocks and tumuli rolled past. When we got to Gornozavodsk, I was completely shocked. It was in ruins! I’m a big city guy, I’m not used to this.

Commentary

How Many People Died in Donbass

How Many People Died in Donbass

According to UN statistics, about 13,000 people have died and 30,000 people have been injured in five years of war in Donbass. About 3,300 of those who died were civilians.

Vlad Nazdrachev

Vlad Nazdrachev

Sakhalin is stuck in the ‘90s. People here live by the rules. The first week was the hardest. They look at you funny if you’re new, and talk about you if you draw attention to yourself. Good thing I have a cousin. He took me around to meet his friends.

There were lots of questions: how do they do things there? Why don’t you speak Ukrainian? I answer truthfully. We all speak Russian there. The only difference is we have a slight accent.

When they find out I am from Ukraine, everybody asks me the same thing. «Why didn’t you stay and fight? Why didn’t your father fight?» They may blame me for it, but what is there to fight for? What are we fighting for? My home has been destroyed. Looters have taken our house apart. There are just bare walls left, not even floors. They even took the doghouse.

Vlad Nazdrachev

Vlad Nazdrachev

My father is looking for work. We don’t intend to be freeloaders here. I am learning to operate bulldozers and excavators in technical school. It’s hard to find a job at a good mechanic’s shop, but heavy equipment is a whole new level. The first time I was behind the wheel of a bulldozer, I was stunned. Everything was mechanized, each track has its own controls. I learned by trying. If a lever moved us forward, it meant I was doing it right. If not, I tried again. Bulldozers are interesting, but I really love excavators. You can climb one of those tumuli at a 45-degree angle if you use the bucket to help you.

Vlad and his father, Gornozavodsk

Commentary

How to Get a Russian Passport Using Russian Migration Policy

A government program to assist compatriots voluntarily resettling in the Russian Federation was approved by presidential decree in 2007, but it has not been widely used. In August 2014, Prime Minister Dmitry Medvedev signed a decree simplifying the inclusion of refugees in the program during wartime. The decree was valid for three years. In addition, the period of stay in the country was temporarily extended for Ukrainian citizens (usually it is 90 days). The main benefit for Ukrainians who receive citizenship as native speakers of Russian is spelled out in Article 14 of the law «On Citizenship of the Russian Federation»: they do not need to receive confirmation from Ukraine of their loss of Ukrainian citizenship.

A government program to assist compatriots voluntarily resettling in the Russian Federation was approved by presidential decree in 2007, but it has not been widely used. In August 2014, Prime Minister Dmitry Medvedev signed a decree simplifying the inclusion of refugees in the program during wartime. The decree was valid for three years. In addition, the period of stay in the country was temporarily extended for Ukrainian citizens (usually it is 90 days). The main benefit for Ukrainians who receive citizenship as native speakers of Russian is spelled out in Article 14 of the law «On Citizenship of the Russian Federation»: they do not need to receive confirmation from Ukraine of their loss of Ukrainian citizenship.

Participants in the resettlement program can be legally competent adults, as well as members of their families. Getting into the program is not easy. For example, they may be rejected because of their age. In some regions, women over 55 and men over 60 are not admitted. On March 27, 2019, the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation ruled that such restrictions in the Kaluga regional resettlement program was illegal. Consequently, those restrictions should not be applied in other regions either. Ukrainian citizens often had problems confirming their education. Many did not have time to pack, and did not take diplomas with them. Requesting documents from the unrecognized republics did not always work.

The advantage of the resettlement program is a quick path to citizenship. Those who wish to go to the Far East and other sparsely populated territories are especially willingly accepted into the program. As in the general procedure for obtaining citizenship, you first needed to obtain a temporary residence permit. To do this, the applicant has to submit a medical certificate and pass an exam in Russian language, history and legislation. A residence permit was not required for participants in the program, and the application for a temporary residency permit was processed in 60 days, whereas the general procedure could take years. Participants did not have to confirm their income or knowledge of the Russian language, and they received allowances of 20,000 to 150,000 rubles, depending on the region. Housing was provided, transportation and paperwork expenses were reimbursed. The decision on citizenship was made within three months.

Registration at the place of residence was also required for admission into the program. By law, a person must live where they are registered. If, during an inspection, employees of the migration service find out that this is not the case, the applicant for citizenship and the one who registered them in their apartment are fined. The 2014 case of Tatyana Kotlyar, a human rights activist from Obninsk and chairwoman of the Kaluga regional movement For Human Rights, was exemplary. She registered 292 people for free, most of whom were refugees from Donetsk and Luhansk Regions. For this, she was fined a total of 300,000 rubles.

On October 31, 2018, Russian President Vladimir Putin signed a new concept of migration policy. Beginning March 29, 2019, a participant in the state resettlement program may apply for citizenship immediately after receiving a temporary residency permit. In accordance with the amendment to Part 7 of the Law of the Russian Federation «On Citizenship» of December 27, 2018, a participant in the program may apply for citizenship if they not only have registration at a place of residence (even temporarily), and is also registered as a migrant at the place of residence.

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Vlad Nazdrachev

Vlad Nazdrachev

We received temporary residency permits. It’s like a temporary passport. But people are used to the standard Russian passport. If you don’t have that, too bad. They won’t take us on good jobs. I had an interview at Gazprom, but when they found out that I am not a citizen, they turned me down.

Vlad Nazdrachev

Vlad Nazdrachev

My father got me a part-time job at a construction site. They don’t ask for your papers there. Nothing’s in writing. We live in shipping container, six in each. There is a bunkbed made out of some old boards. We sleep three up and three down. I came home for the first time in a week just to shower. It took me that long to come up with the 55 rubles’ bus fare.

Vlad Nazdrachev

Vlad Nazdrachev

We worked for a month, and they cheated us out of our pay. They owed us almost 60,000 rubles each. After that, I was reluctant to work anywhere without papers.

Vlad Nazdrachev

Vlad Nazdrachev

I got a passport. It’s like being reborn!

Vlad Nazdrachev

Vlad Nazdrachev

I got an official job. Not what I was trained for — longshoreman.

It’s hard work, mooring ships, pulling ropes. I leave the house at 6:00 and get home late at night, exhausted. Sometimes I can’t even eat. I nearly died in a storm. A rope 12 centimeters thick broke while I was mooring a ship. I ducked but it knocked my hardhat off. If it struck my chest, it would have broken all my ribs. We work like plow horses, but there’s no choice.

Vlad Nazdrachev

Vlad Nazdrachev

Finally, I have enough to buy myself something, with something left for mom. I got Nike 90s, red with white soles. Chinese knockoffs for 2,300 rubles. They’re my dress shoe.

Vlad Nazdrachev

Vlad Nazdrachev

My father bought a used car. He’s an electrical engineer and is always making rounds. I go with him. I put bumper stickers on it. He tried to stop me at first, «Get that off my car!» Finally he gave up. Now the car is mine. It didn’t move for a long time though — no gas money. Now I can drive it.

Vlad Nazdrachev

Vlad Nazdrachev

I’ve gotten a second job teaching at the technical school half-time. The pay isn’t bad. We bought electronics, furniture, beds and a new washing machine on credit. Now we have to pay for them. Father can’t do it by himself.

Vlad Nazdrachev

Vlad Nazdrachev

Moving made me grow up. I had to get myself together and take responsibility for myself and my family. I even dress differently. I used to only wear tracksuits. Now I wear trousers, shirts and shoes. Everything the way it’s supposed to be. My contemporaries don’t think of anything beyond drinking and hanging out. I have a budget and am thinking about career advancement. I want Russia to be my home, but it isn’t. I can’t decide what I am. I’ve lived here for five years — like a Russian. But still, I am from Ukraine.

Vlad Nazdrachev

Vlad Nazdrachev

Almost half my pay goes to debts. I’m thinking I’ll tough it out for a year, then I’ll take out more credit — to buy a car. I want a Subaru or Toyota from the 2000s. It’ll be mine and mine alone. You have your own world inside your car. Everything the way you want it, and no one can see you behind the tinted windows. Tinted windows are a way of life. You can hide from your problems behind them. It rescues you from people.

Gornozavodsk is a ghetto. It’s dog eat dog. You have to be stronger, and strike first. Even with your words. Some guys are so dumb that they’re afraid to speak right. Swearing is a way of life for them. And when you get out of a car with tinted windows and speak to them normally, you’re on a different level from them.

No one knew me when we came here. No one talked to me, no one paid any attention to me. Now even the elders say hi to me on the street.

Vlad at Gornozavodsk, 2019
Vlad Nazdrachev

Vlad Nazdrachev

I always have something going on. I spent New Year’s on the road, and I will have to travel for work all year. I go to South Sakhalin every weekend. My girlfriend is studying there. We met online and things worked out for us. We’ve been dating for several months. I go see her often. Sometimes, if I don’t feel like sleeping, I go with the guys to Kholmsk or South Sakhalin just to go somewhere.

Vlad Nazdrachev

Vlad Nazdrachev

Now I’m working at the Port of Nevelsk unloading coal with a Multidocker. I was afraid to operate the big docker at first. Ten meters off the ground, I was afraid the cab would fall. I’ve worked for three months without a day off. The night shift at the port, three hours of sleep and off to the technical school.

Vlad Nazdrachev

Vlad Nazdrachev

I am going to have advanced training on the mechanics of drilling rigs. In connection with repair. It pays well. Getting a car isn’t so important. The main thing is to make a place for myself so I’m not dependent on anybody.

I plan to visit my friend in Gorlovka, but I won’t live there. Things are good on Sakhalin. Young people have been changed by that war. I saw a guy from Donbass not long ago. He came to visit and went back again. You could see that he had killed people. His eyes were empty. They shined, they moved, but there was nothing in them — no soul, no warmth.

Masha Zykova

Masha Zykova, 21

From:

Yasinovataya, Donetsk Region, Ukraine

Lives in:

Sochi, Russia

Interests:

English, education and personal growth, film

Status:

When the war started, I asked my Magic 8 Ball if we should flee. It said yes. I was born in Russia and I thought I would receive a passport fast, enroll in university, learn English and go to America. But it took nine months for me to get a Russian passport in Belgorod, and so I didn’t go to university. So I had to grow up fast.

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Liza Kalitventseva

Liza Kalitventseva, 20

From:

Donetsk, Ukraine

Lives in:

Kyiv, Ukraine

Interests:

journalism, education, foreign languages, religion

Status:

When they held the referendum, I was one of three in my school who were in favor of Ukraine. But they started to pick on Donetsk in Kyiv, so I had to defend our region. They didn’t understand what I’ve been through.

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Yana Lepeshkina

Yana Lepeshkina, 21

From:

Yasinovataya, Donetsk Region, Ukraine

Lives in:

Donetsk, Donetsk People’s Republic

Interests:

sewing, fashion, drawing, animals

Status:

I returned to Donetsk a year and a half ago. Everyone was against it. But let it be an unrecognized republic, or any other kind, let there be war. I’m still going home.

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About the project

Creator and executive editor: Marina Bocharova
Designer: Alexei Dubinin
Sound engineer: Anastasia Dushina
Composer: Anton Khristenko
Layout: Alexei Shabrov
Programming: Anton Zhukov, Andrei Ponomarev
Editor: Oleg Skorikov
Photography: Irina Buzhor, Sergei Belous, Reuters, AP, RIA Novosti
Video: Irina Buzhor, Sergei Belous, Dmitry Nazarov
Photo editor: Dmitry Kuchev
Project manager: Yulia Gadas
Translation: Derek Andersen

The following people also contributed to this work: Evgeny Fedunenko, Evgeny Kozichev, Artem Kosenok, Nikolay Zubov

The author would like to thank the following for their assistance: Ilya Kizirov for the storytelling consultation, Vladimir Solovyev, Svetlana Gannushkina, Elena Burtina, the Civic Assistance Committee, Galina Pyrkh, Tatyana Kotlyar, Mariam Kocharyan, Evdokia Sheremetyeva, Slava Volkov and Arina Mesnyankina

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